Alfa radiation yana nufin wani nau'in ionizing radiation wanda alpha particles ke fitowa daga tsakiya na atom. Alfa barbashi su ne helium nuclei wanda ya ƙunshi protons biyu da neutrons biyu, kuma suna ɗauke da ingantaccen caji. Alfa radiation yana da girma da nauyi idan aka kwatanta da sauran nau'ikan radiation, kuma yana da ɗan gajeren zango a cikin iska kuma ana iya dakatar da shi da takarda ko 'yan santimita na iska. Duk da haka, alpha radiation na iya zama haɗari sosai idan an sha ko kuma an sha shi, saboda yana iya haifar da lahani ga kwayoyin halitta da kyallen takarda.