Macnaha qaamuuska "qaabka wanaagsan" waa muuqaalada ama tafaasiisha cabbirka yar ee ku dhex jira qaab dhismeed ama nidaam ka wayn, gaar ahaan xagga sayniska ama tignoolajiyada. kala duwanaanshiyaha heerarka tamarta ee atomka elektarooniga ah, taas oo ka dhalata isdhexgalka elektarooniga ah ee atomka xudunta iyo midba midka kale. , unugyada, ama noolaha qaab dhismeedka" waxa laga yaabaa inay tixraacdo astaamaha cabbirka yar ee shay ama nidaamka saameeya waxqabadkiisa, sida qallafsanaanta dusha sare, texture, ama porosity.