Ma'anar ƙamus na kalmar "psychosurgery" hanya ce ta fiɗa da ta haɗa da canza nama na kwakwalwa a ƙoƙarin yin magani ko rage alamun rashin lafiya na tabin hankali ko rashin hali. Hanyar da aka fi sani da "lobotomy," kuma ta ƙunshi cirewa ko yanke hanyoyin haɗin gwiwa a cikin prefrontal cortex na kwakwalwa. Koyaya, dabarun aikin tiyata na zamani sun fi niyya kuma daidai, kuma yawanci sun haɗa da amfani da ƙananan igiyoyin lantarki ko raƙuman radiyo don zaɓin lalata ko gyara takamaiman wuraren nama na kwakwalwa. Psychosurgery aiki ne mai kawo rigima da tsari sosai, kuma ana ɗaukarsa gabaɗaya a matsayin magani na ƙarshe don yanayin rashin lafiyar kwakwalwa mai tsanani da maras ƙarfi.