Perestroika wani yunkuri ne na siyasa a Tarayyar Soviet a shekarun 1980, wanda ke nufin "sake fasalin" ko "gyara" a cikin Rashanci. Manufa ce ta sake fasalin siyasa da tattalin arziki wanda shugaban Soviet Mikhail Gorbachev ya gabatar a wani yunƙuri na farfado da tattalin arzikin Soviet da zamantakewa. Kalmar "perestroika" ta zama sananne a yammacin duniya a ƙarshen 1980s yayin da Tarayyar Soviet ta fara 'yantar da manufofinta tare da budewa ga duniya.