Mauritaniya kasa ce dake arewa maso yammacin Afirka, tana iyaka da Tekun Atlantika daga yamma, yammacin Sahara daga arewa da arewa maso yamma, Algeria a arewa maso gabas, Mali a gabas da kudu maso gabas, sannan Senegal a kudu maso yamma. Kalmar "Mauritania" ta samo asali ne daga tsohuwar daular Berber ta Mauretania, wadda ta wanzu a yankin har zuwa karni na 3 AD.
