Tsarin harshe yana nufin ƙayyadaddun ƙa'idodi, tsari, da ƙa'idodi waɗanda ke tafiyar da amfani da wani harshe na musamman. Ya haɗa da ƙamus, nahawu, ɗabi'a, furuci, da sauran fannonin harshe waɗanda suke da mahimmanci don sadarwa mai inganci. Hakanan ana amfani da tsarin harshe don bayyana software ko shirye-shiryen kwamfuta waɗanda ake amfani da su don sarrafa harshe na halitta, kamar fahimtar magana da fassarar na'ura. A cikin wannan mahallin, tsarin harshe shine tarin algorithms, samfuri, da bayanai waɗanda ke ba kwamfutoci damar fahimta da samar da harshen ɗan adam.