Masanin ilmin halitta kwararre ne a fannin cytology, wanda shi ne reshe na ilmin halitta wanda ya shafi nazarin kwayoyin halitta, wanda ya hada da tsarinsu, aikinsu, da cututtukan cututtuka. Masanin ilimin halitta na iya yin nazarin kaddarorin da halayen sel guda ɗaya, da kuma hanyoyin da sel ke mu'amala da juna da sauran sifofin halitta. Masana ilmin halitta na iya amfani da dabaru da kayan aiki daban-daban don bincikar ƙwayoyin cuta don gano cututtuka da sauran yanayin kiwon lafiya.