Taswirar chromosome na nufin tsarin tantance wurin da kwayoyin halitta suke da wasu muhimman siffofi akan chromosome. Ya ƙunshi gano tsari da nisa ta jiki tsakanin alamomin kwayoyin halitta akan chromosome. Wannan bayanin yana da mahimmanci don fahimtar tushen asalin cututtukan da aka gada da kuma haɓaka sabbin jiyya da hanyoyin warkewa. Ana iya yin taswirar chromosome ta hanyar amfani da dabaru iri-iri, gami da nazarin cytogenetic, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), da jerin DNA.