Zagayowar kasuwanci tana nufin sauyin yanayi da maimaitawa a cikin ayyukan tattalin arziƙi, gami da lokutan faɗaɗa (girma) da raguwa ( koma bayan tattalin arziki). Wadannan zagayowar yawanci ana nuna su ta hanyar sauye-sauye a samarwa, aiki, farashi, da kuma samun kudin shiga, kuma sau da yawa ana motsa su ta hanyar sauye-sauye a cikin amincewar mabukaci da kasuwanci, canje-canje a manufofin gwamnati, da sauran abubuwan tattalin arziki. An rarraba zagayen kasuwancin zuwa matakai huɗu: faɗaɗawa, kololuwa, ƙanƙancewa, da trough, kuma muhimmin ra'ayi ne don fahimtar gabaɗayan kiwon lafiya da aikin tattalin arziki.