(1) Elizabeth's dog, which had been bred in Turkey, was a gift from the sultan of that country.

(2) Campolo told of how St. Francis of Assisi left the Christian army during the Crusades, went to the tent of a sultan leading the Muslim army and tried to win him to Christ.

(3) Oman is a sultanate (a type of monarchy) with a sultan as the head of state and head of government.

(4) He was compelled to start negotiations, make peace and suffer the humiliation of becoming vassal to the Turkish sultan .

(5) According to that legend, the sultan who built the gorgeously white Taj Mahal as a tomb for his wife constructed a black replica for himself across the river Agra.

(6) For me, the central message of the book was just how little contact there was between the sultan 's Muslim subjects and those of his other peoples, such as the Christians and the Jews, let alone visiting foreigners.

(7) For an encore he invaded India in 1398 on the pretext that the Muslim sultan of Delhi was being too tolerant of his Hindu subjects.

(8) This conflict was resolved temporarily by the Treaty of Seeb, which granted the imam autonomous rule in the interior, while recognizing the nominal sovereignty of the sultan elsewhere.

(9) The third disc features the film Abul the Damned, a feature length thriller set in turn of the century Turkey, with Fritz Kortner playing the sultan of Turkey.

(10) Zanzibar received its independence from the United Kingdom on December 19, 1963, as a constitutional monarchy under the sultan .

(11) The sultan escorted the Oxford-educated prince wearing a gold crown and a kris dagger tucked into his sash to a golden chair on the dais.

(12) The architecture is inspired by a 17th century Malay sultan 's palace.

(13) Balian did in fact play a crucial role as a Crusader noble in the events surrounding the fall of Jerusalem in 1187 to the Muslim sultan Saladin.

(14) This is a deeply moving drama in which the wise Nathan acts as a mediator between Saladin, the Muslim sultan , and Conrad, an intemperate templar knight.

(15) Sultans rule nine of the states, and three are ruled by governors.

(16) By the end of the twelfth century, Muslim sultans had come to ascendancy in Gujarat, marking the onset of many centuries of Islamic power in the region - and the end of the glory days of the Hindu stepwell.

(17) Now, though, the Caliph was under the thumb of a new power: the Turk who ruled in the name of the Caliph took the title of Sultan .

(18) Eventually, the Sultan and Jefri settled out of court.

(19) As you can see on this map, the southern and eastern fringes of the Arabian Peninsula are ringed by a series of emirates and sultanates .

(20) A domino effect might also claim oil-rich sultanates such as Kuwait and the United Arab Emirates, taking out another 15 per cent of those reserves.