(1) Relative to the foundress , soldiers have an enlarged prothorax and fore femora, reduced wings and antennae, and a pale exoskeleton.

(2) She was the sixth-century foundress of a community of women

(3) Nests become social if a second foundress successfully usurps the nest with the original foundress remaining in the nest as a nonreproductive guard (if she leaves, the nest remains solitary).

(4) The relative importance of LMC and of inbreeding depends on the number of foundresses that oviposit in a local patch.

(5) There is evidence that pedicels of ovaries containing wasps grow more than those that do not, but pedicel length at wasp maturity is probably still a good indicator of ovary position when foundresses oviposit.

(6) Investment preservation may also increase with the number of foundresses remaining on a colony, because of the increased likelihood that a foundress will be present to preserve past investments.