(1) These effects are unlikely to be due to low-molecular-weight effectors since similar results were obtained whether or not extracts were desalted prior to assay.

(2) One solution would be to build a garbage burning plant which would produce electricity which would drive reverse osmosis desalting units.

(3) The supernatant was desalted by centrifugal gel filtration and concentrated by ultrafiltration as previously described.

(4) The desalted extract (soluble enzymes) was used for the enzyme assays.

(5) Reverse osmosis is a process for desalting water that uses membranes that are permeable to water but essentially impermeable to salt.