(1) As is now regarded as typical of bat-pollinated flowers, the corolla is sturdy and the nectary disk is large.

(2) From each plant one randomly chosen, fresh flower was dissected under a binocular microscope to separate the corolla , androecium and gynoecium.

(3) The internal length of the flower corolla was measured from base to opening.

(4) In contrast, pollinator observations demonstrated that hawk moths visited flowers with larger corollas , and that the probability of producing a fruit for natural pollination plants increased with corolla diameter.

(5) In addition, experimental flowers that matured a fruit (and therefore received a visit) had significantly larger corollas compared with corollas of flowers that did not initiate a fruit.