(1) The classical examples of symbiosis are the lichens, in which a fungus is associated with an alga or a cyanobacterium.

(2) That is, a simple alga like Volvox and a complex metazoan like an octopus both occupy the same sublevel.

(3) The phenomenon was first described in a red alga and a green alga more than 30 years ago.

(4) Most of the lichen is composed of fungal filaments, but living among the filaments are algal cells, usually from a green alga or a cyanobacterium.

(5) It is a blue-green alga , a primitive plant of the same class as seaweeds or the green slime seen on rocks and jetties when uncovered by the sea at low tide.

(6) Photosynthesis and primary production were the monopoly of bacteria and algal protists that populated the world's shallow seas.

(7) The unexpectedly high algal diversity reflects a low selectivity toward the algal partner in these lichen species.

(8) After their split from the green algae, a red algal cell was engulfed by a nonphotosynthetic protist and reduced to a plastid.

(9) The diet of Daphnia was supplemented with an algal suspension of Chlorella SP.